is a term often used to refer to the use of computers and online networks to conduct politically or socially motivated protest.[2]
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[is] [m]aliciouscyber activity conducted by issue-motivated groups or individuals for the purpose of promoting a particular cause or targeting a particular person or organisation associated with an issue or cause.[3]
The main practical limitations to hacktivism are that the longer the attack persists the more likely it is that counter-measures are developed and put in place, perpetrators identified, and groups penetrated by law enforcement investigators.[5]